Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Fool Chapter 8

EIGHT A WIND FROM FUCKING FRANCE Hunter was right, of course, he wasn't able to feed Lear's train. We imposed on villages along the way for fare and quarter, but north of Leeds the villages had suffered bad harvests and they could not bear our appetites without starving themselves. I tried to foster good cheer among the knights, while keeping distance from Lear – I had not forgiven the old man for disowning my Cordelia and sending away Drool. Secretly I relished the soldiers' complaints about their lack of comfort, and made no real effort to dampen their rising resentment for the old king. On the fifteenth day of our march, outside of Lint-upon-Tweed, they ate my horse. â€Å"Rose, Rose, Rose – would a horse by any other name taste so sweet?† the knights chanted. They thought themselves clever, slinging such jests while spraying roasted bits of my mount from their greasy lips. The dull always seek to be clever at the fool's expense, to somehow repay him for his cutting wit, but never are they clever, and often are they cruel. Which is why I may never own things, never care for anyone, nor show desire for anything, lest some ruffian, thinking he is funny, take it away. I have secret desires, wants, and dreams, though. Jones is a fine foil, but I should like someday to own a monkey. I would dress him in a tiny jester's suit, of red silk, I think. I would call him Jeff, and he would have his own scepter, that would be called Tiny Jeff. Yes, I should very much like a monkey. He would be my friend – and it would be forbidden to murder, banish, or eat him. Foolish dreams? We were met at the gate of Castle Albany by Goneril's steward, adviser, and chief toady, that most pernicious twat, Oswald. I'd had dealings with the rodent-faced muck-sucker when he was but a footman at the White Tower, when Goneril was still princess at court, and I, a humble jongleur, was found wandering naked amid her royal orbs. But that tale is best left for another time, the scoundrel at the gate impedes our progress. Spidery in appearance as well as disposition, Oswald lurks even when in the open, lurking being his natural state of locomotion. A fine black fuzz he wears for a beard, the same is on his head, when his blue tartan tam is humbled at his heart, which it was not that day. He neither removed his hat nor bowed as Lear approached. The old king was not pleased. He stopped the train an arrow-shot from the castle and waved me forward. â€Å"Pocket, go see what he wants,† said Lear. â€Å"And ask why there is no fanfare for my arrival.† â€Å"But nuncle,[24]† said I. â€Å"Shouldn't the captain of the guard be the one – â€Å" â€Å"Go on, fool! A point is to be made about respect. I send a fool to meet this rascal and put him in his place. Spare no manners, remind the dog that he is a dog.† â€Å"Aye, majesty.† I rolled my eyes at Captain Curan, who almost laughed, then stopped himself, seeing that the king's anger was real. I pulled Jones from my satchel and sallied forth, my jaw set, as determined as the prow of a warship. â€Å"Hail, Castle Albany,† I called. â€Å"Hail, Albany. Hail, Goneril.† Oswald said nothing, did not so much as remove his hat. He looked past me to the king, even when I was standing an arm's length from him. I said: â€Å"King of bloody Britain here, Oswald. I'd suggest you pay proper respect.† â€Å"I'll not lower myself to speak with a fool.† â€Å"Primping little whoreson wanker, innit he?† said the puppet Jones. â€Å"Aye,† said I. Then I spotted a guard in the barbican, looking down on us. â€Å"Hail, Cap'n, seems someone's emptied a privy on your drawbridge and the steaming pile blocks our way.† The guard laughed. Oswald fumed. â€Å"M'lady has instructed me to instruct you that her father's knights are not welcome in the castle.† â€Å"That so? She's actually talking to you, then?† â€Å"I'll not have an exchange with an impudent fool.† â€Å"He's not impudent,† said Jones. â€Å"With proper inspiration, the lad sports a woody as stout as a mooring pin. Ask your lady.† I nodded in agreement with the puppet, for he is most wise for having a brain of sawdust. â€Å"Impudent! Impudent! Not impotent!† Oswald frothing a bit now. â€Å"Oh, well, why didn't you say so,† said Jones. â€Å"Yes, he's that.† â€Å"To be sure,† said I. â€Å"Aye,† said Jones. â€Å"Aye,† said I. â€Å"The king's rabble shall not be permitted in the castle.† â€Å"Aye. That so, Oswald?† I reached up and patted his cheek. â€Å"You should have ordered trumpets and rose petals scattered on our path.† I turned and waved the advance to the train, Curan spurred his horse and the column galloped forward. â€Å"Now get off the bridge or be trampled, you rat-faced little twat.† I strode past Oswald into the castle, pumping Jones in the air as if I was leading cadence for war drummers. I think I should have been a diplomat. As Lear rode by he clouted Oswald on the head with his sheathed sword, knocking the unctuous steward into the moat. I felt my anger for the old man slip a notch. Kent, his disguise now completed by nearly three weeks of hunger and living in the outdoors, fell in behind the train as I had instructed. He looked lean and leathery now, more like an older version of Hunter than the old, overfed knight he had been at the White Tower. I stood to the side of the gate as the column entered and nodded to him as he passed. â€Å"I'm hungry, Pocket. All I had to eat yesterday was an owl.† â€Å"Perfect fare for witch finding, methinks. You're with me to Great Birnam Wood tonight, then?† â€Å"After supper.† â€Å"Aye. If Goneril doesn't poison the lot of us.† Ah, Goneril, Goneril, Goneril – like a distant love chant is her name. Not that it doesn't summon memories of burning urination and putrid discharge, but what romance worth the memory is devoid of the bittersweet? When I first met her, Goneril was but seventeen, and although betrothed to Albany from the age of twelve, she had never seen him. A curious, round-bottomed girl, she had spent her entire life in and around the White Tower, and she'd developed a colossal appetite for knowledge of the outside world, which somehow she thought she could sate by grilling a humble fool. It started on odd afternoons, when she would call me to her chambers, and with her ladies-in-waiting in attendance, ask me all manner of questions her tutors had refused to answer. â€Å"Lady,† said I, â€Å"I am but a fool. Shouldn't you ask someone with position?† â€Å"Mother is dead and Father treats us like porcelain dolls. Everyone else is afraid to speak. You are my fool, it is your duty to speak truth to power.† â€Å"Impeccable logic, lady, but truth be told, I'm here as fool to the little princess.† I was new to the castle, and did not want to be held accountable for telling Goneril something that the king didn't wish her to know. â€Å"Well, Cordelia is having her nap, so until she wakes you are my fool. I so decree it.† The ladies clapped at the royal decree. â€Å"Again, irrefutable logic,† said I to the thick but comely princess. â€Å"Proceed.† â€Å"Pocket, you have traveled the land, tell me, what is it like to be a peasant?† â€Å"Well, milady, I've never been a peasant, strictly speaking, but for the most part, I'm told it's wake early, work hard, suffer hunger, catch the plague, and die. Then get up the next morning and do it all again.† â€Å"Every day?† â€Å"Well, if you're a Christian – on Sunday you get up early, go to church, suffer hunger until you have a big meal of barley and swill, then catch the plague and die.† â€Å"Hunger? Is that why they seem so wretched and unhappy?† â€Å"That would be one of the reasons. But there's much to be said for hard work, disease, run-of-the-mill suffering, and the odd witch burning or virgin sacrifice, depending on your faith.† â€Å"If they are hungry, why don't they just eat something?† â€Å"That is an excellent idea, milady. Someone should suggest that.† â€Å"Oh, I shall make a most excellent duchess, I think. The people will praise me for my wisdom.† â€Å"Most certainly, milady,† said I. â€Å"Your father married his sister, then, did he, love?† â€Å"Heavens no, mother was a Belgian princess, why do you ask?† â€Å"Heraldry is my hobby, go on.† Once we were inside the main curtain wall[25] of Castle Albany, it was clear that we would go no farther. The main keep of the castle stood behind yet another curtain wall and had its own drawbridge, over a dry ditch rather than a moat. The bridge was lowering even as the king approached. Goneril walked out on the drawbridge unaccompanied, wearing a gown of green velvet, laced a bit too tightly. If the intent was to lessen the rise of her bosom it failed miserably, and brought gasps and guffaws from several of the knights until Curan raised his hand for silence. â€Å"Father, welcome to Albany,† said Goneril. â€Å"All hail good king and loving father.† She held out her arms and the anger drained from Lear's face. He climbed down from his horse. I scampered to the king's side and steadied him. Captain Curan signaled and the rest of the train dismounted. As I straightened Lear's cape about his shoulders, I caught Goneril's eye. â€Å"Missed you, pumpkin.† â€Å"Knave,† said she under her breath. â€Å"She was always the most fair of the three,† I said to Lear. â€Å"And certainly the most wise.† â€Å"My lord means to accidentally hang your fool, Father.† â€Å"Ah, well, if accident, there's no fault but Fate,† said I with a grin – pert and nimble spirit of mirth that I am. â€Å"But call then for a spanking of Fate's fickle bottom and hit it good, lady.† I winked and smacked the horse's rump. Wit's arrow hit and Goneril blushed. â€Å"I'll see you hit, you wicked little dog.† â€Å"Enough of that,† said Lear. â€Å"Leave the boy alone. Come give your father a hug.† Jones barked enthusiastically and chanted, â€Å"A fool must hit it. A fool must hit it, hit it good.† The puppet knows a lady's weakness. â€Å"Father,† said she, â€Å"I'm afraid we've accommodation only for you in the castle. Your knights and others will have to make do in the outer bailey.[26] We've quarters and food for them by the stables.† â€Å"But what about my fool?† â€Å"Your fool can sleep in the stable with the rest of the rabble.† â€Å"So be it.† Lear let his eldest lead him into the castle like a milk cow by the nose ring. â€Å"She truly loathes you, doesn't she?† said Kent. He was busy wrapping himself around a pork shoulder the size of a toddler – his Welsh accent actually sounding more natural through the grease and gristle than when clear. â€Å"Not to worry, lad,† said Curan, who had joined us by our fire. â€Å"We'll not let Albany hang you. Will we, lads!?† Soldiers all around us cheered, not sure what they were cheering for, beyond the fact that they were enjoying the first full meal with ale that they'd had since leaving the White Tower. A small village was housed inside the bailey and some of the knights were already wandering off in search of an alehouse and a whore. We were outside the castle, but at least we were out of the wind, and we could sleep in the stables, which the pages and squires had mucked out on our arrival. â€Å"But if we're not welcome in the great hall, then they are not welcome to the talents of the king's fool,† said Curan. â€Å"Sing us a song, Pocket.† A cheer went up around the camp: â€Å"Sing! Sing! Sing!† Kent raised an eyebrow. â€Å"Go ahead, lad, your witches will wait.† I am what I am. I drained my flagon of ale, set it by the fire, then whistled loudly, jumped up, did three somersaults and laid out into a back-flip, wherefrom I landed with Jones pointed at the moon, and said, â€Å"A ballad, then!?† â€Å"Aye!† came the cheer. And ever so sweetly, I crooned the lilting love song â€Å"Shall I Shag My Lady Upon the Shire?† I followed that with a bit of a narrative song by way of a troubadour tradition: â€Å"The Hanging of Willie Wagging William.† Well, everyone likes a story after supper, and by the one-eyed balls of the Cyclops, that one got them clapping, so I slowed it down a bit with the solemn ballad, â€Å"Dragon Spooge Befouled My Bonny Bonny Lass.† Bloody inconsiderate to leave a train of fighting men fighting back tears, so I danced my way around the camp while singing the shanty â€Å"Alehouse Lilly (She'll Bonk You Silly).† I was about to say good night and head out when Curan called for silence and a road-worn herald wearing a great golden fleur-delis on his chest entered the camp. He unrolled his scroll and read. â€Å"Hear ye, hear ye. Let it be known that King Philip the Twenty-seventh of France is dead. God rest his soul. Long live France. Long live the king!† No one â€Å"long lived the king† back at him and he seemed disappointed. Although one knight did murmur â€Å"So?† and another, â€Å"Good bloody riddance.† â€Å"Well, you British pig dogs, Prince Jeff is now king,† said the herald. We all looked at each other and shrugged. â€Å"And Princess Cordelia of Britain is now Queen of France,† the herald added, rather huffy now. â€Å"Oh,† said many, realizing at last at least a glancing relevance. â€Å"Jeff?† said I. â€Å"The bloody frog prince is called Jeff?† I strode to the herald and snatched the scroll out of his hand. He tried to take it back and I clouted him with Jones. â€Å"Calm, lad,† said Kent, taking the scroll from me and handing it back to the herald. â€Å"Merci,† said he to the messenger. â€Å"He took my bloody princess and my monkey's name!† said I, taking another swing with Jones, which missed its mark as Kent was dragging me away. â€Å"You should be pleased,† said Kent. â€Å"Your lady is the Queen of France.† â€Å"And don't think she's not going to rub my nose in that when I see her.† â€Å"Come, lad, let's go find your witches. We'll want to be back by morning in time for Albany to accidentally hang you.† â€Å"Oh, she'd like that, wouldn't she?†

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

When Dealing with International Markets, It’s Also Imperative

There is no doubt that if you deal with international markets, you should be familiar with their laws and regulation as they pertain to marketing. This is imperative and you should take it seriously. It must be god understanding in the law of the country where you launch a campaign. But it is not always possible to know all the nuances. So, what is right in this situation? On the one hand, some people consider that marketers must know and observe the regulations and laws of the country in which they operate.To my mind, it is the obvious facts. All advertising should be legal, decent, honest and truthful. Before launching a campaign in international markets, you should learn all the prohibitions and laws of this country, so you do not have problems with complaints about your advertising or marketing actions. On the other hand, some people believe that there should be common standards, rules and regulations for the global market.It is obvious that in order to learn the laws and prohibi tions of the country where you launch a campaign, it is necessary to spend a lot of time and effort to get it right. In conclusion I would like to say that there is one rule you should pay attention to is to think local. Because now is the era of globalization and we live in a very localized world. To determine international advertising standards, you must be aware of the advertising laws, rules and regulations of each nation.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Creation Myth, Religious and Cultural Traditions of Anishinaabe People Essay

Creation Myth, Religious and Cultural Traditions of Anishinaabe People - Essay Example His book the Mishomis Book informs readers of the origin of man and his indigenous language. As a way of validating Benton-Banai’s claims, it is important to compare his claims with the general view of the creation theory, cultural, and religious practices of this unique group. Thus, a detailed comparison shows various similarities and differences in the two accounts. The general view of the Anishinaabe tribe reveals this group of people believe in the existence of a Supreme Being. According to Kulnieks, Longboat, and Young (2013), their creator existed long before the creation of the planet earth. Consequently, He is responsible for creating the earth and all existing human beings and animals. In addition, the Supreme Being created man on the last day. He gave man responsibility to name animals and plants in his native language that is the Anishinaabemowin. Besides, the man had no existing family and community members at that particular time. The creator, Ghizemanidoo, particularly named man Nanabozho. Furthermore, the creator said the name was important and a sign of unity in the community. As a result, it became part of the daily greeting of the community members. Both the general view and Mishomis Book have numerous similarities concerning creation story and religious belief and practices of the Anishinaabe community. Both argue that the Anishinaabe people believe in a supreme and almighty being. This group of people have religious traditions and believes in a creator. They respect and obey their creators’ orders and rules. According to Benton-Banai (2010), the Anishinaabe people have a creator who is their source of life. The creator not only gives them life but also gives them the responsibility to name all animals in the world. In addition, their creator gives a responsibility to preserve and protect animals and plants on earth. This point is also supported by the general people`s view of this tribe.  

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Supertrends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Supertrends - Essay Example 27). Del Pilar and Udasco (2004) further define deculturation as a situation "in which the people involved fail to acculturate to the dominant society and also fail to retain their own cultural identity" (p. 170). In the United States, both definitions seem to apply. On the one hand, we have many people coming into the country who feel they have to "give up" their culture in order to "fit in." Also, the United States has had an influx of Mexican Americans to such an extent that it has become the second most spoken language (Hochmuth, 2001, p. 1). Young (2008) suggests that deculturation and acculturation work together depending on when an individual enters another country. He suggests that "as new learning occurs, deculturation or unlearning of at least some of the old cultural elements has to occur.." (p. 360). This suggests that deculturation is something that is going on all the time when someone comes into a new place. As a Registered Nurse, I can see this happening daily because of the influx of people coming into the hospital. We have seen more Mexican people and many from the Middle East. This has created an opportunity for the hospital to bring in additional staff who speak Spanish and other languages to have more people on call who can interpret for us. My family has been affected because my children go to school with a more diverse group of children than they used to because of so many different people coming into the country. They have learned a little Spanish because of it and they are more curious about other peoples cultures. Cornish suggests that an individual can experience deculturation without leaving their native country. He says that "a new culture takes over much of their homeland †¦ " (Cornish, p. 28). This feeling is what is happening to many Americans because they feel that they are being replaced. Manicus (n.d.) saw this phenomenon when he studied deculturation in Hawaii. He suggests that in

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Open innovation is a phenomenon in search of a theory. (Birkinshaw) Essay

Open innovation is a phenomenon in search of a theory. (Birkinshaw). Critically evaluate this statement, examining current aca - Essay Example Can open innovation be introduced at McDonalds at the fry cook level, or is it only feasible among people with Ph. Ds? Does every individual personality work with open innovation, or are some personality types more effective under closed system? Might open and closed be points on a continuum that should be shifted for different circumstances? Might there be hybrid approaches, such as beginning a project using open innovation and finishing it using closed? How can open innovation be balanced against the needs of management? Does open innovation reduce or increase transparency? Many of these questions have been answered only summarily, some not at all, and some might be in principle beyond the present ability to answer. Yet theory guides research just as research guides theory: Creating a theory of open innovation, however tentative and likely to change, could help to create hypotheses that could be tested, models that could be explored, and predictions that could be proven or disprove n. This paper advances a theory of open innovation that claims that open innovation is in fact a more specific case of a general balance between the costs and benefits of command and control, and that open innovation is from an organizational behavior and institutional theory perspective a shift to bottom-up practices; as such, it depends crucially on loyalty to the institution, involvement in decision-making, corporate culture, management avoiding chilling effects, and other factors. I identify open innovation as a solution to the intellectual property version of the tragedy of the commons problem and as the internal flipside of the open source movement. Open innovation will be defined for the purposes of this paper as â€Å"a paradigm that assumes that firms can and should use external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to market, as the firms look to advance their technology† (Chesbrough, 2003). Open innovation involves firms creating institut ional practices to reap the benefits of internal innovation, such as with â€Å"innovation time† initiatives, and external innovation. Open innovation is in essence the model of most universities. Within the university system, a researcher's data is owned by the university and/or by the companies or stakeholders that funded or initiated the study, yet they also retain some copyright and control. The information is made publicly accessible, either subsidized to be free or for a nominal fee, so that research can be facilitated. Researchers have tremendous latitude to experiment and investigate down their own lines of inquiry. Open innovation, then, alongside the parallel but distinct concept of open source, is an attempt to replicate the intellectual output of the university and of similar institutions that allow information to be more freely created and disseminated. Albert (2008) points out how antithetical this is to many traditional notions of corporate capitalism: The assu mption made is that companies both reap 100% of the benefit of communal intellectual property yet retain 100% in-house, which are contradictory assumptions. In practice, firms are faced with a difficult dilemma. Both internally and externally, they must control access to their information to remain competitive and prevent competitors from harming them, yet doing so reduces the net amount of innovation. Innovation depends on cross-referencing. Knowledge doesn't occur in a vacuum: If someone looks at a problem and can't be sure what

Does the rise of China represent a threat to U.S. national security Essay

Does the rise of China represent a threat to U.S. national security - Essay Example This continual rise in the global power of China is likely to represent a threat to U.S national security as the country tries to replace U.S as the world’s most powerful nation. Since the end of world war and more specifically in the last thirty years, China has recorded a tremendous growth in the size of its economy. The Chinese economy has been growing at a rate of 10%, which is three times to the global average, and as a result, it has grown to be the world’s second largest economy (Randau & Medinskaya 2015, p.15). In addition, it has claimed the top spot in various economic fields and it is actually revolutionizing the norm of the global economic sector. Since 2009 China displaced Germany as the world’s biggest exporter and it has maintained the position ever since. More automobiles are now being made in China than in any other country and at the same time, the economy has the largest market for new cars worldwide. Its automobiles sales have increased tremendously in the last five years and hence it has completely displaced U.S in the field of making and buying of automobiles. China has also grown to become the largest user of energy globally and actually its energy consumption rate is believed to have increased by more than a hundred percent in the last decade (Hinrichs & Kleinbach 2012, p.15).Majority of this huge demand comes from the manufacturing sector of the country which has largely increased and diversified its operations. Additionally because the standards of living of the people have improved, their energy consumption has also increased since they are able to purchase a wide variety of domestic appliances. All these among other factors have contributed to the high rate of Chinese economy and projections show that the growth of the country economically is likely to continue increasing in the forthcoming years. It has actually been predicted that by 2020, China will be the largest economy in all spheres and U.S is likely to

Friday, July 26, 2019

England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

England - Essay Example This has resulted in the death of many people and some have become physically impaired and cannot be able to fend for their families. Minors are also employed under these severe working conditions (Mokyr 101). We would like the government to pass laws that will set the minimum wage and minimum working hours to prevent employers from exploiting us. We would also like the government to put in place laws that will ensure our safety is guaranteed while working. For example: factory owners should be required to purchase protective gear for their employees and compensate those who lose their lives or become physically impaired in the line of duty. Finally, we would like the government to improve on sanitation facilities within the city, build more schools for our children, hospitals and improve on security. This is because the population has grown tremendously and some of these facilities already in place cannot cater for the needs to the city residents. This will go a long way in improving our

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Minow's dilemma critical evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Minow's dilemma critical evaluation - Essay Example While forgetting may seem an alluring option for some, unwilling as they are to face the disquietude brought about by rousing old skeletons, there is a greater ethical and moral imperative to exhume the past if only to serve as lessons for the future. In her important book entitled â€Å"Between Vengeance and Forgiveness: Facing History After Genocide and Mass Violence†, Martha Minow looks at the range of institutional responses that have been crafted with the end in view of seeking justice for the victims of mass atrocities and demanding accountability from the perpetrators. The ethical imperative of incorporating justice into efforts towards peace in a post-conflict context is at the heart of the transitional justice project. Its premise is that war and conflict have brought about a slew of human rights and international humanitarian law violations which demand accountability from its perpetrators and reparation for its victims. Minow uses this framework in her book as she p roblematizes the difficulties of navigating the complex road to justice, in the complex terrain and conditions of a post-conflict situation. Minow, however, presented a crucial dilemma when she stated that "The central premise of individual responsibility portrays defendants as separate people capable of autonomous choice- when the phenomena of mass atrocities render that assumption at best problematic" (1998: 46). This is a dilemma because it articulates a conflict between the desire to prosecute individual perpetrators for war crimes and crimes against humanity, and the realization that the mass atrocities were taking place amid extraordinary conditions and assigning individual criminal responsibility to the perpetrators – even if they were the leaders or the heads of the military – does not capture the depth and breadth and magnitude of the phenomenon at hand. This paper will explore this dilemma even further, and will demonstrate that while there is persuasive valu e to individual criminal responsibility, it is an injustice to constrain or limit oneself to the institutional and legal mechanisms that seek accountability for individual criminal behavior without looking at the conditions that gave rise to the atrocity. To quote Franke (2001: 1), â€Å"Justice is, of course, a very complex ethical, legal, institutional and emotional problem, and its aspirations are rendered all the more difficult in transitional societies that are struggling with unstable governance, security and economic institutions.†. Certainly, there are cases where individual criminal responsibility may be very clearly gleaned. Historical accounts have it that on April 25, 1987, Slobodan Milosevic, the fallen President of Serbia, went to Kosovo Polje and was met with a crowd of fifteen thousand Serbs, including an old man who suddenly shouted to Milosevic that the ethnic Albanians were beating them. Milosevic responded by calling out to the man, â€Å"No one shall dar e beat you again.† As if these remarks were not incendiary enough, he proceeded to say, â€Å"This is your land, your fields, your gardens; your memories are here†. A decade later, under Milosevic’s watch, in defense of fields, gardens and memories, Serbian forces unleashed ethnic

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Elements of Discipline plan in Elementary school Assignment

Elements of Discipline plan in Elementary school - Assignment Example Appendix B: Initial Participant Letter Appendix C: Participant Informed Consent Form Appendix D: Teacher Interview Questions Chapter 1 Overview This assignment reflects on the history of American elementary schools and struggle towards the control of improving educational standards public schools in United States of America. There are some historical issues that have been discussed in this analytical report, along with some important writers who worked very hard to introduce better standards of education in American schools, colleges and universities. It also provide with the literature review of great historical leaders who contributed a great deal towards improving standards of elementary education in America with a history of discipline in elementary schools. It also sheds light on the most effective method of discipline. Introduction Elementary schools have been existed worldwide as the foundation of formal educational system. It establishes the base for future education. It prepares students in fundamental skills and awareness and can be defined as prior to formal education that comes after that. It is an institution where children receive the first stage of compulsory education known as elementary or primary education. In America, elementary school education starts from six to twelve years and at some institutes thirteen to fourteen as well depending on particular state of school patterns. Elementary school covers the reading, writing, introduction to social and natural sciences, arts and crafts and physical education. Most important responsibility of elementary school is getting affiliated with peers and creating an identification of children with society and nation. For decades, classroom management has... Elementary schools have been existed worldwide as the foundation of formal educational system. It establishes the base for future education. It prepares students in fundamental skills and awareness and can be defined as prior to formal education that comes after that. It is an institution where children receive the first stage of compulsory education known as elementary or primary education. In America, elementary school education starts from six to twelve years and at some institutes thirteen to fourteen as well depending on particular state of school patterns. Elementary school covers the reading, writing, introduction to social and natural sciences, arts and crafts and physical education. Most important responsibility of elementary school is getting affiliated with peers and creating an identification of children with society and nation. For decades, classroom management has been an issue and many effective teaching lessons have gone array due to student disruption. This critical review of the literature analyzes the elements that can be identified in a successful and effective classroom discipline plan. During science, social studies, and writing time, in my first year of teaching, it has been noticed many students getting off task.

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Power over Peoples Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Power over Peoples - Essay Example Western Imperialism or ‘the expansion of Europe’ manifested itself in two phases: the Old Empires of the 16th century, and the New Imperialism of the mid 19th centuries. Technology counts as one of the major contributing factors to the success of the western imperialism mostly in the New Imperialism as it advantaged the Europeans and their associates, making them succeeded in controlling many states of the globe. They could travel over long seas in steamships and boats, travel and transport widely by use of railways, conquer more states because they had better armor, and lastly their development in medicine saw them withstand such in the different cultures they embarked on. Technology here refers to the extensive ability that humans can acquire from the use of environmental energy and materials in doing what the body cannot do on its own. When technology changes for the better, or advances, it is referred to as superior technology, superior in that it gives one powers mo re than nature, such as using a machine to travel farther, and faster. Technology favored the Western Imperialism as they had two main sources of innovation that is culture and the competitive nature of the West. Culture enabled them to rule over nature through scientific experiments and research. The competitiveness of the western states made each state to strive for gain of advantage over the other in a bid to control more of the outside world than other states. Historians have long tried to define some occurrence in the Western Imperialism without much success. The myth in it is that the New Imperialism spread so fast in less time, and was more successful than the Old Imperialism. Did the use of fast growing technology facilitate the success of the New Imperialism in a shorter time than did the Old Empires? In addition, did the impact of imperialism force the affected to react by innovating means of survival? From Chapter 1: Discovery and conquering of the Seas Headrick (2010) ex plains the mastering of the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic oceans, revealing that the move was not for exploration. Rather, it was due to the quest of religious, commercial, and military dominance over other cultures. He uses Portugal to elaborate the onset of nautical innovations that saw it rise to form an empire of the Indian Ocean. At first, it was so unlikely for Portugal to raise to such heights, owing to its approximate population of a million people, most of who were fishermen and farmers, and its lack of resources that made it a poor state. In addition, it appeared unstable because of its ever-in-war status with North African Muslims and the Castile (Headrick, 2010). However, they defied these odds and went on to acquire their empire status, a first in Europe, powered by some factors such as the urge of Christians to fight Muslims even after leaving Portugal that made them find means of pursuing them. Then there was the craving for gold and spices, both of which led to them inventing navigation and ships. To add to their success was Henry the Navigator, son of King John I, an explorer and soldier who trained people in map-making and navigation. He is responsible for the success of the Portuguese in sailing to the African West Coast to defeat the Muslims, spread Christianity, and establish new trade routes (Headrick, 2010). The English and Dutch later joined in exploring the Asian coasts and offered stiff

Monday, July 22, 2019

What evidence is there to suggest that Hamlet Essay Example for Free

What evidence is there to suggest that Hamlet Essay What evidence is there to suggest that Hamlet would have become a successful leader of Denmark had he survived? In the final scene Forthinbras declares that Hamlet, Was likely, had he been put on, To have proved most royal; By examining traits of Hamlets character and comparing his to the characters of others in positions of power I will discuss whether this statement is correct. In Act 1 Scene 2 Shakespeare shows Hamlet has many leadership qualities. He is kind to Horatio when he tries to make out he is a truant. I would not hear your enemy say so. He has created a strong friendship with Horatio and the guards, Marcellus and Barnardo, respect him even though he has not become King. He can discuss his grief over his fathers death frankly and openly with them. This show of trust for, and respect from, his piers is very important in a prospective leader. Hamlet is bitingly witty when talking of his fathers funeral and mothers wedding. Thrift, thrift, Horatio. The funeral baked meats Did coldly furnish the marriage tables. This not only shows his bitterness but also his sharp intelligence. At other points in the play Hamlets intelligence and wit are shown in his feigned madness. An example of this is when he is ridiculing Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. I am but mad north-north-west. When the wind is southerly, I know a hawk from a handsaw. The meaning of this riddle is clear but Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are clearly bewildered. This shows Hamlets intellectual superiority over his schoolfellows. In Act One Scene Two Hamlet goes on to exhibit his ability to question the men very shrewdly about the sightings of the Ghost. His questions are direct, penetrating and enable him to gain the information he needs. This is emphasised by the short, sharp sentences and the hard f sounds used. Then you saw not his face? What, looked he frowningly? This would be a valuable quality for a leader in a crisis when the details needed to be known. Hamlet is shown to have the positive resolution of a leader here as he determines to watch for the Ghost that night. However he never loses sight of reason by being caught up in the excitement and is still able to reflect on the need for caution. He tells the guards, If you have hitherto concealed this sight, Let it be tenable in your silence still Conversing with the devil goes against the laws of Christianity and so they need to keep the sightings a secret to protect themselves. It is a mark of Hamlets leadership that the men obey him in this. Hamlet is very astute and cannot be easily deceived. He sees through the spies, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, immediately despite their efforts at pleasantry. You were sent for and there is a kind of confession in your looks A lesser person may have trusted them and revealed the whole situation to them but Hamlet does not endanger himself by doing this. He compares them to a sponge that soaks up the kings countenance, his rewards, his authorities. When he needs you what you have gleaned, it is but squeezing you, and, sponge, you shall be dry again. This is a very perceptive and truthful image of the way in which Claudius treats them. Shakespeare provides other examples of leadership within Hamlet to highlight Hamlets own qualities or flaws. An example is Claudius, the current King of Denmark. In contrast to Hamlet he lacks the discerning nature needed in a leader. His failure to grasp the full danger presented by Fortinbras and his advancing army prove fatal to Denmark. Claudius chooses to rely on politics and negotiation to win his wars and so is fooled by the report brought by his ambassadors. It is clear to the audience that Fortinbras has a strong motive for invading Denmark to revenge his fathers murder and the ground that he supposedly fights for in Poland hath in it no profit but the name. Claudius also fails to understand Polonius character and places too much trust on his judgement in state matters. Polonius influence is shown. Thou still hast been the father of good news This misjudgement proves fatal for Claudius because the news Polonius brings of Hamlets madness being that of a distracted lover in Act Two Scene Two is incorrect. Claudius is distracted from taking any steps to remove Hamlet because of this. Hamlets own perceptiveness is shown again in his understanding of Polonius as he aptly describes him as a foolish, prating knave. However Claudius has qualities such as ruthlessness, that make him a good leader, and which, Hamlet is lacking. When Claudius has realised the full threat Hamlet poses to him he has no quibbles about having him sent to his death in England immediately. Hamlet only possesses this strength when he seals the letter to have Rosencrantz and Guildenstern killed. He declares, They are not near my conscience. Claudius has the character of a leader who wants to drink and party in the style of royalty with his people. This may make him popular with some but Hamlet takes this view against Claudius custom, It is a custom More honoured in the breach than in the observance. Hamlet has uptight morals that are fitting for a leader who must set an example to his people. Hamlet understands politics and wants the people of Denmark to be respected by those in other countries and not cleped drunkards as they are under Claudius rule. Hamlet feels a greater responsibility for the reputation of his country than Claudius does and so is more kingly. A quality a political leader shown in both Claudius and Hamlet is their use of language to cover up their true meaning. Hamlet does so in his madness when he produces veiled threats against Claudius in his riddles. Claudius skill is more developed and successful in execution. His opening speech is full of rhetorical artifice; he is contradicting himself but the audience have to listen hard to pick this up. For example he says. With mirth in funeral and with dirge in marriage He is talking about the incest that has occurred in his marrying his dead brothers wife but his eloquent language and smooth, flowing speech hides the meaning well. Shakespeare uses young Fortinbras of Norway as an exact parallel to Hamlets character. His own father has been murdered and his uncle has taken his throne. However Fortinbras is opposite to the reflective, moralising Hamlet. He is a man of umimprovi d mettle hot and full. Fortinbras is uninhibited and can boldly take action to revenge Denmark for his fathers murder. His plan is simple but he easily tricks Claudius and achieves his aim as he takes control of Denmark in the final scene. Shakespeare shows in Act Four Scene Four that he considers Fortinbras direct active response is better then Hamlets reflective one as Fortinbras presence makes Hamlet conscious of his own failings. Now whether it be Beastial oblivion, or some craven scruple Of thinking too precisely on th event- Shakespeare shows how Hamlet moralises over the deed too much and ends up being cowardly. Hamlet cannot match the intrepid delicate and tender price that can lead twenty thousand men to war for the sake of a straw. The presence of Fortinbras causes Hamlet to take up his fight with resolution. My thoughts be bloody or nothing worth. Through the play we see this growth of Hamlets character a progression to what Fortinbras is able to be. Hamlet overcomes his reticence in allowing Claudius to take his throne by asserting his right to it as he declares in Act Five Scene One, . This is I, Hamlet the Dane At this point Hamlet may truly be called royal and worthy of being King. Despite all Hamlets kingly qualities the view of Ophelia in Act Three Scene One must be considered. She believes that through feigning madness Hamlet has destroyed all the virtues he was previously warrant to. Oh what a nobler mind is here oerthrown! This means that Hamlet has disqualified himself from the chance being elected to the throne as he has destroyed his own self. This may be a just argument but we must consider the true extent of Hamlets insanity and believe that Hamlet would be able to return to his intelligent and discerning self after Claudius death. In the final scene Shakespeare shows us that Hamlet couldnt be successful leader of Denmark. He still has not the tenacity to take his revenge. He only kills Claudius in retaliation to an attack upon himself and not because of any merit of his own. This procrastination would be a serious failing in a prospective leader because ruthless decisions and actions would need to be taken without the moralising that Hamlets character exemplifies. His other qualities, though still intact despite the feigned madness, would not compensate for his lack of resolution. Shakespeare highlights this flaw by including the characters of Claudius and Fortinbras who are both ruthless and decisive.

Monetary Policy vs. Fiscal Policy Essay Example for Free

Monetary Policy vs. Fiscal Policy Essay People always struggled with an idea of prosperity and success, whether it was a personal goal or whether it was something major like wealth of a country. Nowadays, we are studying a science, which is really significant and valuable Economics. Economics is a tool for achieving those goals, knowledge that people can use and imply in real life, and at the present time probably undividable part of governments performances around the world. For us, students, there are two different matters we study Macroeconomics, the study of the performance of national economies and Microeconomics, which focuses on the behavior of individual households, firms, and markets. During the fall quarter of 2001, I was exposed to the basic ideas and uses of the Macroeconomics. Macroeconomics policies government actions to improve the performance of the economy are of particular concern to macroeconomists, as the quality of macroeconomic policymaking as a major determinant of a nations economic health. Monetary and Fiscal policies are two policies that we were concentrated on, and were the most significant part of the course for me. There is too much involved in these policies and they interact with each other consistently. I decided to write this paper, summarizing the basic functions of two policies, tried to explain what it is that makes them work, how effective these two policies can be, and how one relates to another. In looking at the effectiveness of Monetary and Fiscal policies, it must be understood how the two relate to each other within the government structure. The Federal Open Market Committee FOMC is the most important monetary policy-making body of the Federal Reserve System. It is responsible for the formulation of a policy designed to promote economic growth, full employment, stable prices, and a sustainable pattern of international trade and payments. The seven Board members constitute a majority of the 12-member Federal Open Market Committee, the group that makes the key decisions affecting the cost and availability of money and credit in the economy. The other five members of the FOMC are Reserve Bank presidents, one of who is  the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The Board sets reserve requirements and shares the responsibility with the Reserve Banks for discount rate policy. The FOMC is the policy arm of the Fed and the tasks of the Federal Reserve are to sup ervise banks, fixing maximum rates of interests. The U.S Treasury, though it aids in much of the monetary management, represents the fiscal sector, which is the U.S Congress. Fiscal policy covers, such areas as taxation and other revenue gathering and spending measures. Fiscal policies are those actions that are enacted by the Legislative Branch of the U.S government, the Congress. Their fiscal policies are enacted through the U.S Treasury. Therefore, the Treasury is the arm of fiscal policy and the Federal Reserve is the arm of monetary policy. For example, even if Congress has allocated some amount of money to take over failing banks and savings and loans, and it is not enough, than the Fed can pump capital into the system by buying bank stocks. So, this is example of how the Fed interacts and influences the ups and downs of the economy. In looking at the relationship between the Fed and The Treasury, essentially, the Fed was set up to provide the U.S Treasury with a more satisfactory fiscal agent. In acting as the fiscal agent for the U.S Treasury, or more specifically, as the primary banker for the federal government, the Fed acts as Financial advisor, depository and receiving agent, agent for issuing and retiring treasury securities, agent for other transactions involving purchases and sales of securities for Treasury account, agent for the government in purchasing and gold and foreign exchange, and lender to the Treasury. The Treasury influences monetary and credit conditions as well, through its revenue and expenditure policies, its debt management policies relative to the size and location of its money balance, and so on. As an instrument of monetary management, the Treasury keeps its money balance in cash in the vaults as Treasury deposits at the Federal Reserve, and Treasury deposits at commercial banks. Owing to the degree of Treasury operations, these policies have marked effect on monetary and credit conditions, especially over periods. Ordinarily, the Treasury does not use these powers for intentional and continuous monetary management; this is primarily the function of the Federal Reserve. However, it does try to use its powers in such a way as to avoid creating serious problems for the Federal Reserve, and on occasion, it uses them intentionally to supplement Federal Reserve policies. The following is an example of how this occurs. The Treasury can implement restrictive actions. For example, the Treasury increases it money balance $1 billion by taxing the public or selling securities to the public. When the Treasury cashes the checks, the public loses $1 billion of its deposits. If the Treasury holds these deposits at commercial banks, this is the extent of the effect; the reserve positions of the banks are unaffected. But if the Treasury uses the $1 billion to build up its cash in vault or its deposits at the Federal Reserve, member banks reserves will be reduced by $1 billion. Basically, if we find an increase in the Treasurys money balance, this tends to be restrictive unless the Treasury acquires the extra money by borrowing from the Federal Reserve. If it acquires the money balance by taxing the public or selling securities to it, the publics money supply is directly decreased. If it acquires money by selling securities to commercial banks, the publics money supply is not directly decrease, but the ability of the banks to create deposits for the public is reduced because they must use some their reserves to support the Treasury deposit. However, given the size of any increase in the Treasurys balance, the degree of restrictiveness depends on the form in which it is held. On the other hand, the Treasury can affect monetary policy, by easing restrictions as well. Sometimes the Treasury utilizes liberalizing actions in a positive way to ease credit to supplement Federal Reserve actions. More often, however, it uses them to avoid creating conditions that wo uld make the job of the Federal Reserve more difficult. Given, this information, we can see what the relationship is between the  Federal Reserve and the U.S Treasury. They often complement each other and balance each other out. However, the prime job of the Federal Reserve is to act as the federal government bank, as well as regulating monetary policy, credit regulations, and supervising function of member banks. The U.S Treasury is the element of the government, which collects money from the public, either through the sale of securities or through taxation. The U.S Treasury is that arm of the government, which provides the government with money it needs to operate, which of course is part of fiscal policy operations. The Fed is the bank that the Treasury uses for its banking needs, to be it in the most simplistic terms. *** We were all shocked by tragedy that happened on September 11, 2001. There was a tremendous impact on the entire world by that event. People were heavily affected emotionally same as financially. Many lives were taken by the coward act of those who responsible for such disaster. The US faced a number of consequences followed by many bumps on its way to the future. Unbelievable economic downturn made all sectors of the economy to suffer this impact and force them to make decisions, which they probably didnt thought of. Because Fiscal and Monetary Policy have a straight connection to the several actions taken by the government to stimulate weakened economy, I decided to cover what is going on right now within government structure and briefly explain what people should expect from policymakers, who are doing their best to respond to these obstacles, which we are facing right now, as quick as possible. Considering that todays U.S. economy is already in mild recession and many indicators show it might face the most severe economic downturn since 1970s of the last century, President Bush and his administration called for additional stimulus package for fiscal 2002. Policymakers in Washington are considering a number of actions that could stimulate the economy. Among them the options being considering are tax cuts that could spur consumption or investment, and additional federal spending that could directly increase economic activity. Republicans are the majorities in the House of  Representatives and Democrats, who control the Senate, have very different and opposite visions about ways to stimulate the U.S. economy. Republicans consider that economic growth is generated through investments by businesses, which encouraged by cuts in taxes and tax rates. Democrats support the proposal that stimulates consumer spending such as through tax rebates for low-income, extensions of unemployment insurance, and government spending to promote construction and other infrastructure. A several weeks ago, the House Ways and Means Committee have passed a $100 billion economic stimulus package main part of which 85% for permanent tax cuts, mostly for corporate tax cuts. The major components of this plan are: Elimination of the corporate alternative minimum taxes and refunds AMT credits. This is a most controversial point of the House Republicans proposal. The minimum tax was designed to make profitable companies to pay a basic amount even if they owe no corporate income tax because of some deductions. Democrats support the fairness of this tax cut but disagree with its retroactive method because although these refunds would effectively reduce the tax rate on corporate income but those compensations for the previous investment, not new investment. Permit 30% immediate expensing write-off for purchase of capital assets over the next three years. Reduce the maximum tax rate on long-term capital gain from 20% to 18%. Deductions of net losses from taxes paid up to five years earlier. Republicans argue that all these corporate tax cuts are necessary to encourage businesses to invest more into new capital because businesses would have more income or retained earnings. And as a result it would spur the economy. Democrats disagree. They tell that businesses would not  necessary to invest; some of any tax cuts will be saved or businesses can simply to pay down their debts or to spend them for dividends to their stockholders and maybe only small part would go into new investment. Permanent cut in the former 28% tax cut rate to 25% would be accelerated to 2002. Democrats argue that this tax cut would be more effective if it will be temporary rather than permanent tax cut because this acceleration significantly shorten government revenue in later years and in the long run the government cant afford these rates cuts. Moreover, most of the tax relief would benefit only the top one-quarter of all income tax filers, who are likely to save more and spend less from tax cuts than those who have lower incomes and tend to spend whatever extra income they have. That is why Democrats support the proposal to send additional tax rebates for low-income workers, because the more rebate is spend the more effective it is as a stimulus. Democrats want to freeze marginal tax reduction in previous 39.6 bracket to 38.6% rather to decline it. It would save roughly $100 billion between 2002 and 2011. Democrats have proposed a smaller package with far fewer and temporary tax cuts and significantly more new spending 75% of the stimulus plan. They support the ways that spur consumer spending that has kept the economy afloat such as through tax rebates for lower income workers, expansions of unemployment insurance and government spending for construction and other infrastructure. For instance, temporary changes in the unemployment insurance program or any additional benefits provided would likely be spent and go directly to output. Public capital investments involve direct government purchases of goods and services and therefore directly add demand into economy.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

The Theory Of Positivism Sociology Essay

The Theory Of Positivism Sociology Essay As what Beauvoir had said, Representation of the world, like the world itself, is the work of men; they describe it from their point of view, which they confuse with the absolute truth Men dominates the legal system, has created law and theories about law. The law is made in how they see the world. It becomes their representation of reality and it is held to be the absolute truth. Based on such arguments, the law is thus gendered. This is due to a patriarchy world where men rules over women. A patriarchy world where an unjust social system which is oppressive towards women exists. It looks at them not as an individual capable of the same reasoning as men and not on equal standing with men. Liberal feminism challenges male domination by showing that there are no difference between men and women. Both men and women are equal and capable of the same social role without any form discrimination. However, Catharine Mackinnon does not agree with liberal feminism. She believes and argues that sex and sexuality are the main reason, the fundamental reason why women are being dominated and discriminate. Sexual domination is the main reason for sexism. To understand deeply on Catharine Mackinnons argument of sexual domination, we need to first understand on how the law objectifies, how sexual domination occurs in the reality and other counter arguments. Mackinnon pointed out that the whole problem with this unjust system is the dominance of men over women  [2]  . This domination is deeply embedded in the system, in the Rule of Law. It is not a matter of rights or being equal with men as what the Liberal feminists see. It is the domination of women by men by the law/the State which is male in nature. The domination occurred due to the objectification of women by men. Men objectify women. As the legal system is dominated by men, the law thus objectify women. Thus sexism was born. Liberal feminist see it as an illusion or myth that need to be dispelled but Mackinnon views it as a male power that creates the world in its own image and how male desires it to be. This is quite true as the law is legislated by male and thus it does not take into account of the point of view of women. Nor does it drafts based on a womens experience of everyday life by women and for women. It was after all drafted by white upper class men to be exact and their opinions which they held to be the absolute truth. The irony is that despite being excluded from the legislating process, women are bound by the rules. The law was not create for the benefit of women as what women think they ought to be but merely it was create by what men thinks benefit the women. By not taking into account the point of view of women and their everyday life and experience, the law is thus ineffective and oppressive. This is why objectivity epistemology is the law of law. Objectivity is just a conception of the society by men. Men legitimizes itself by reflecting their beliefs and view of existing society, a society men made and makes by so seeing it and calling that view and that relation practical rationality and objective. Thus the law shows men rules and dominates over women and in a male way. To put it more simply, objectification is the primary process of the subordination of women. How does objectification occur? How does it affect women as what the radical feminist preaches? Mackinnon in her works examined the law regarding rape and how the law had objectified it. She stated that, where the legal system has seen the intercourse in rape, victims see the rape in intercourse  [3]  . The legal system describes rape as violence and failed to see the effects of rape toward women. For all the law could see was the intercourse in rape but the victims see rape in intercourse. The law failed to see from the point of view of women and imposed their view, the view of upper class white men and the law was legislated according to their views. Rape law is one of the many laws which were objectified. According to s1 (1) (a) Sexual Offences Act 2003, rape is defined by the penetration of penis. The law is fixed upon the act of penetration. It shows oppression toward women by defining the element of rape from the point of view of male. What Mackinnon try to point out from her analysis of rape law is that the law is based on a male point of view and incapable of understanding or even comprehend the perspective from a woman point of view. It renders the law to be distant and unable to understand rape from the experience of a victim. The rape law is only concern with penetration of the vagina, it reflects upon a loss defined in a male term. It favours male sexuality rather than female sexuality. It does not understand what loses the female went through but what male loses instead. Mackinnon described rape as a crime against female monogamy than against female sexuality  [4]  . This is very true with such phallus-centric definition of rape. It acts as a protection for men more than a female. The female sexuality was ignored; their experience and resentment of rape were not taken into account. The rape law is to protect the property of men which is women. Women are thus objectified. They are not considered to be equal with men; they are sadly, regarded as property. This is oppression on the ground of sex. Sex is defined by men and on what they believe to be. It is the masculine form of sex that was incorporated into the law. The law was imposed onto women and male domination occurred. The projection of a patriarchal belief and vision of female sexuality occur and imposed onto the body of women. Consent is the line that governs between what is rape and intercourse. Intercourse without consent is rape. This show how the law governed and defined the sexuality of women. Rape in the eyes of women is not prohibited but it is in reality regulated. When a woman is rape and the prosecution failed on the ground of consent, the women is not considered to have suffers any loss. Because it is sex and it is not a violation and thus it could not be an injury. The law governed from the point of view of men. When women described rape, men could only see sex for they see it as sex. Thus the law objectified from a male point of view and dominated over women who are forced into subordination. It fails to deal with the more important issue, how the law going to reduce the rate of women being rape. While it is very true that the law is male and phallocentric in nature, radical feminism focuses too much on the issue of sex and sexuality. It does not take into account of other types of oppression and other school of feminism. It is criticised for being essentialist, oppositional, and utopian  [5]  . Mackinnon presented her argument as the universal truth and essentialises the experience that women faced. She sees sexual division as the foundational division at the heart of social life. This is because according to her oppression of women occurred because male dominates women over sex and reproductive rights. Due to this sex domination, women are thus oppressed and discriminated. However radical feminist reduces everything to sex and emphasise everything to sex. Mackinnon stated, Sex makes a woman a woman. Sex is what women are for  [6]  . This shows that sexual oppression happens due to what men perceive women to be. Mackinnon turned her theory into the ultimate truth and failed to take into account of other cultures or other oppressed groups. What she did was the same as what white upper class men did. Objectified the world according to what they believe. Thus by adopting the method men had used, did she not ended up being the same as men and render her argument against liberal feminisms aspiration to be like men to be nothing. Mackinnon and her sexual objectification had victimised women. It had in a sense betrayed the goal of feminism of overturning and restructuring this patriarchy world. It reduces women into victim and to be subjected into sexual violence instead of empowering them. She creates a specific voice for women and assumes that all women have the same experience. All women undergo the same sexual oppression whether they are lesbians, non-white women and for other non-privileged women which is not true. . Sexism occurs in a variety way and sex is not the only cause for it. There is after all a variety different cause of sexism that happens in the world. In America, it may be due to sex as what Mackinnon had argued but what about those from Islamic nations where sexism occurs due to religious or cultural reasons. For example, women are not allowed to drive in Saudi Arabia and Chinese women used to practise foot binding during the 19th century A.D. It is not due to sexual domination but due to religious belief and, for the latter, cultural traditions. While it is truth that men objectified women and thus a patriarchy world was born but it is not sex that is the only cause. Gender stereotypes, social reproduction, cultural are only a few examples of how sexism occurs. Cultural feminist, Carol Gilligan  [7]  stated that boys and girls reason differently to resolve problems. Their ways to react and deal with problems differ from one another. Boys tend to focus on individual entitlement and generate rules to solve problems or conflicts. Girls tend to emphasise on personal relationship and seek compromise so that everyone interests are taken into account. What happen is that gender stereotypes occur since young and children are brought up in such scenarios. This creates a social reproduction. Discrimination happen to women is not just due to sex domination. It is due to gender stereotype that was installed into children since they are young. They grew up and they acted the way they though they ought to be. Davies asks, how can we disentangle ourselves from the social environment which has made us what we are  [8]  ? This question is respond towards Mackinnons feminism which focuses too much on sex subordination. Men and women are different and this is a naturally self-evident attributes. Clearly Mackinnon did not agree with Gilligan in regards the differences between men and women. But it is impossible to think of such world where there is no difference between men and women. It is clearly beyond our comprehension and clearly too utopic in nature. This is due to us being brought up in a patriarchy world and socialise according to the order of such world. Radical feminists strive to eliminate sex subordination and by doing so eliminate the way the law looks and objectified women due to her sex. Nevertheless the question remains, how it is possible for women to be defined in an alternative legal way when the difference between men and women are not just sex but naturally and self-evident attribute. It is too utopic that it is absurd and incomprehensible. I do agree with most feminists that the law is male in nature. It is phallocentric and it objectifies women the way we men see women and think women ought to be and imposes it to be the law. Nevertheless, I could not endorse or agree with Mackinnons view that sex and sexual subordination are the fundamental reason for women to be discriminated against. It is too simplistic. For in my opinion, there are others valid reasons why the law objectifies women as men see it. One of them is Gilligans point of view that women and men have different voices and ethics. We are brought up in this patriarchy world and our points of views are being shaped by what society thinks we ought to behave based on our gender. Radical feminism pretends that their point of view to be the ultimate truth without taking into account of other groups such as black women or lesbian. Lastly, it forgets that other part of the Earth have different reasons for sexism to occur, be it cultural or even religion.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Partytime Equals a Lifetime - Original Writing :: Papers

Partytime Equals a Lifetime - Original Writing Tears roll down my cheeks as I lay staring at my bedroom ceiling. Memories of the previous week, still haunting me. The distorted image of his face appearing everytime I close my eyes, the smell of his breath still tickles my nose, the thumping of the base still bangs in my head as I can feel the weight of his body pressing against me. Even the hairs on my arms stand to attention as I remember my 17th birthday party. The alcohol concoction that my best friend Kelly handed to me from my dad's overtowering cupboard; burnt my throat as I swallowed! The taste of the sharp, acidic solution that created this burning sensation, that I know believe was whisky; passed my lips more times than I remember. Everything then turned hazy! My stomach began to churn. Colours blurred. The room began to spin. The music became one humongous buzz. I stumbled to the stairs. Slumped on the stairs, head in my hands I struggled to breathe. A tall dark shadow was then cast over me. Confused, I slowly raised my head. Twinkling in the light the figures belt buckle stung my eyes. Blinking to refocus, a bright white shirt caught my eye, blending perfectly with the figures pale skin. Two dark brown eyes stared right at me like needles piercing my skin. Immediately I became agitated and rose to my feet. The room began to spin again! My breathing shuddering as the contents of my stomach was churning like a boiling cauldron. Loosing my balance I fell forward. The figure reached out and prevented me from hitting the floor, at the time I was so appreciative; I just wish I had fallen now. A couple of bruises would be nothing compared to the torture I'm suffering from now! After not receiving any bruises but still in the stranger's arms, my feet left the floor. Quite relieved to not have to try and balance anymore I didn't think to complain. I just gently floated upstairs and

Friday, July 19, 2019

The Debate on How Urban Middle-Class Identities Have Changed Essay

The Debate on How Urban Middle-Class Identities Have Changed â€Å"Materialism is the new karma†. (Pavan K Varma, 2005) Whilst numerical estimates of the Indian middle classes vary drastically, media images contribute to their portrayal as affluent consumers- participants in the IT boom in urban centres such as Hyderabad and those revelling in India’s status as a call centre â€Å"superpower†, particularly thought to symbolise a new urban middle-class. Varma’s quote encapsulates the astonishing effect mass culture is thought to have had upon Indian identity, especially those who occupy this middle ground of consumption. This spectrum ranges from the lower middle-class youth, such as the aforementioned call-centre workers whose parents often experience a very different lifestyle, to the upper middle classes whose educational heritage has enabled them to maintain their class status over a longer period. Hence it is clear that the notion of an â€Å"urban middle class† within the Indian context is uniquely problematic, being internally differentiated- encompassing great variet y in factors such as culture, language and religious belief, while of course attempting to reconcile the existence of the caste system as a further, but importantly distinctive form of hierarchy to class. As Fernandes notes, the very question of defining what Beteille termed the â€Å"most polymorphous middle class in the world†, itself represents a site of political debate in both academic and public discourses. Additionally there is a marked transition between what is considered the â€Å"old middle-classes† and the â€Å"new middle-class.† Whereas the former has its origins in the â€Å"colonial encounter†, the latter, since liberalisation policies initiated by Rajiv Gandhi in the 1980s came to fruition, has become increasingly defined by its consumption patterns, most apparent in an era of a global economy. Fernandes writes that this overwhelming focus on consumption has somewhat neglected the impact of structural socioeconomic changes in the middle classes.(Fernandes, 2000). At various points these intersect with shifting economic conditions, such as kinship changes affecting the upwardly mobile, however they are not always resultant of the status jock eying of these newly prosperous classes. (Vatuk, 1972). Thus while the transformative effects of liberalisation may appear to have directly visible effects upon t... ...m Press. (Forthcoming) L. Fernandes, Nationalizing 'the Global': Media Images, Cultural Politics and the Middle-Class in India. Media, Culture & Society, vol 22, no 5 (2000) L. Fernandes, Restructuring the Middle-Classes in Liberalizing India. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle-East vol xx, nos.1&2 (2000) J. Harriss, The Great Tradition Globalizes: Reflections on Two Studies of "The Industrial Leaders" of Madras. Modern Asian Studies, vol 37, no 2 (2003) pp 327-362. W. Mazzarella, Shovelling Smoke: Advertising and Globalization in Contemporary India (2003) S.Nanda, Arranging a Marriage in India (1992) F. Osella and C. Osella, Social Mobility in Kerala (2000) Chapter 4 Michael Reder (Editor), Conversations with Salman Rushdie (2000) S. Tharoor, Charlis and I in India: from Midnight to the Millennium (1997) M. Van Wessel, 2004. Talking About Consumption: How an Indian Middle Class Dissociates from Middle-Class Life. Cultural Dynamics, vol 16, no 1 (2004) P. Varma, Being Indian: The Truth about Why the 21st Century Will Be India's (2005) S. Vatuk, Kinship and Urbanization in India: Kinship and in India. (1972) Chapters 5 and 6.

The Enormous Lie Exposed in The Enormous Radio :: Enormous Radio

The Enormous Lie Exposed in The Enormous Radio John Cheever’s "The Enormous Radio" begins with the Westcotts appearing like the perfect "all-American" family. Cheever describes them as "the kind of people who seem to strike that satisfactory average of income, endeavor, and respectability" (Cheever 817). What is ironic about this story is the Westcotts are far from being the "perfect family," and the community they try to conform to is just as flawed as the Westcotts themselves. A way the Westcotts try to conform to their society is by keeping secret the fact that they listen to the radio and attend musical events. This is because these activities were not something members of their community did, much less talked about. The reader knows this because Cheever says the "Westcotts differed from their friends, their classmates, and their neighbors only in an interest in music. They went to a great many concerts although they never mentioned this to anyone" (817). A particular instance that shows the Westcotts aren’t the "perfect family" and the society they try to conform to is just as imperfect, is the fight between the Osborns. This shows the Westcotts’ community is flawed because Mr. Osborn is overheard being an abusive husband. Irene tells Jim: "Mr. Osborn’s beating his wife! They’ve been quarreling, and now he’s hitting her" (822). This incident also causes the Westcotts to question the "perfection" of their own marriage, and Jim and Irene end up having a disagreement about dishonesty. And it is widely accepted that dishonesty and physical abuse are not qualities of a "perfect" marriage. Another way it is shown that the Westcotts are not flawless is when Jim makes his enraged speech to Irene. This speech entails how he’s "sick" of her addiction to the radio and disgusted about her stealing jewelry and money from her sister and about the nonchalant manner in which she went to have an abortion (824). Even her coat is symbolic in showing the true nature of the Westcotts. Irene’s coat was "of fitch skins, dyed to resemble mink" (817). The fact that the coat was dyed to resemble something of higher status than it really was can be used as a metaphor to describe the Westcotts’ nature: they were one way when presenting themselves to society (high class and socially conscientious, like the coat and the Westcotts’ marriage both appeared), and another way when they were in the privacy of their own home (not well made, like the coat and how their marriage really was). The Enormous Lie Exposed in The Enormous Radio :: Enormous Radio The Enormous Lie Exposed in The Enormous Radio John Cheever’s "The Enormous Radio" begins with the Westcotts appearing like the perfect "all-American" family. Cheever describes them as "the kind of people who seem to strike that satisfactory average of income, endeavor, and respectability" (Cheever 817). What is ironic about this story is the Westcotts are far from being the "perfect family," and the community they try to conform to is just as flawed as the Westcotts themselves. A way the Westcotts try to conform to their society is by keeping secret the fact that they listen to the radio and attend musical events. This is because these activities were not something members of their community did, much less talked about. The reader knows this because Cheever says the "Westcotts differed from their friends, their classmates, and their neighbors only in an interest in music. They went to a great many concerts although they never mentioned this to anyone" (817). A particular instance that shows the Westcotts aren’t the "perfect family" and the society they try to conform to is just as imperfect, is the fight between the Osborns. This shows the Westcotts’ community is flawed because Mr. Osborn is overheard being an abusive husband. Irene tells Jim: "Mr. Osborn’s beating his wife! They’ve been quarreling, and now he’s hitting her" (822). This incident also causes the Westcotts to question the "perfection" of their own marriage, and Jim and Irene end up having a disagreement about dishonesty. And it is widely accepted that dishonesty and physical abuse are not qualities of a "perfect" marriage. Another way it is shown that the Westcotts are not flawless is when Jim makes his enraged speech to Irene. This speech entails how he’s "sick" of her addiction to the radio and disgusted about her stealing jewelry and money from her sister and about the nonchalant manner in which she went to have an abortion (824). Even her coat is symbolic in showing the true nature of the Westcotts. Irene’s coat was "of fitch skins, dyed to resemble mink" (817). The fact that the coat was dyed to resemble something of higher status than it really was can be used as a metaphor to describe the Westcotts’ nature: they were one way when presenting themselves to society (high class and socially conscientious, like the coat and the Westcotts’ marriage both appeared), and another way when they were in the privacy of their own home (not well made, like the coat and how their marriage really was).

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Arnica: Water and Bottle Essay

Method: Pour 100ml Olive oil into a bottle and mix it with 20ml Arnica Q. Shake the bottle and the Arnica will form an emulsion with the Olive Oil. Wet the finger tips with the emulsion and part your hair and apply the oil on the roots of the hair and spend some time in massaging it into the scalp which should show an oily shine. This is done daily for best results after a shower. Make a Wet dose of Arnica 30 as follows: Order Arnica 30c in a 5ml in the Liquid Dilution in Ethanol in a bottle with a dropper arrangement. Get a 500ml bottle of Spring Water from the nearest supermarket. Pour out about 3cm of water from the bottle to leave some airspace. Insert 3 drops of the remedy into the bottle and shake the bottle hard before you take a capfull which is a dose twice daily. This is best taken first thing in the morning and last thing before bed. Shaking the bottle hard is homeopathic succussion and this shaking must be done every time before a capful of the bottle is sipped as directed. Take a capsule of the Fish Liver Oil daily. Avoid harsh shampoos. Use Johnsons Baby Shampoo instead. Avoid Coffee, preserved meats like sausages, ham and bacon, and all canned cola beverages as they antidote the therapy. Drink plenty of water and exercise daily for at least 45 minutes like walking or jogging depending on your age. The idea is to sweat it out. This is essential to promote the circulation of blood in the body which Arnica will help to promote. Patients who suffered from severe hair loss who were losing over 200 hairs daily have confirmed that they discovered in about a week that the loss of their hair had been arrested. They also noticed that the new growth was plainly visible above their scalp when their hair was parted in about 6 weeks. In my case I still have a good head of grey hair at age 82 although it has thinned down to about half the hair I had 40 years ago.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Destruction is Creation Essay

Two vast classifications of fable most readers would agree to be are commercial-grade manufacturing and literary fiction. The commercial fiction focuses on bringing frolic to the readers and satisfying the readers expectations at the end of the floor. tour the literary fiction focuses on good-looking the reader an find forbiddening and enlightenment almost human nature and purchase order. The Destructors by whole wheat flour Greene is a diddle literary fiction story safe about the loss of whiteness of a annulus of adolescents thru destruction. It is a dramatizing story were destruction screwing happen anywhere. Dramatizing the anarchy of a confederacy of adolescents who had grown up during adult male War II, the characters are extremely affected psychologically and team up against rules of order. This literary story swear outs the reader earn the characters mischievous ways, the societys complexness of deterrent example issues, and the destructors creation. T he Wormsley customary Gang is construct of mischievous adolescents who lived thru the World War II madness and destructions. The protagonist, Trevor, or T called by the other members, has been deeply affected by the citys demolition which is wherefore it is he who gets the wrecking idea to lay Mr. doubting Thomas ingleside. Well pull it down. Well destroy it, T. says to the confederacy. Blackie, the ex-leader of the gang starts out in the story with victimless difficult shenanigans. By the end of the story however, Blackie is richly supportive of the plan to destroy Mr. Thomas house. The societys complexity of moral issues is demonstrated by the protagonist, T. Greene states, There was a reason T., as he was by and by referred to, should have been an object of mockery.Trevors foretell is common is the upper-class level and is a symbol of his formerly affluent life-style and by pass judgment the change, T., given by the gang, the gang accepted him instead of express emot ion at him for down grading to the lower-class. Trevor says to Blackie, nadas going to steal anything from this house. I kept these for you and me, a celebration. Well burn them, virtuoso by one. Trevor shows the gang no precaution for class distinctions and disregard for wealth by burning all of Mr. Thomas incomprehensible life savings. . T. has resentment for the house and ruined the house out of anger and covetously because it is something the gang wish they had and it is something that symbolizes upper-class. It is said in the story, Destruction afterall is a form of creation, meaning that by destroying the house, T. thinks hes creating an equal role society and also creating the gang a more criminal identity. By Trevor accepting the shortening of his name, T. demonstrates change on himself thru destruction. When the gang is done destroying the house from the inside, the gang ties a rope to the back of a lorry and thats tied to a corking wooden shore that supports Mr. Tho mas house. The coterminous morning someone gets into the lorry, drives off and takes the house down with him. While Mr. Thomas cries out for his house, the driver cant help but to laugh and says to him, Theres nothing personal, but you got to admit its funny. The driver is helping Mr. Thomas understand that it wasnt about him, it was about something bigger, it was about his house.This big old house that everybody byword everyday stand there with much(prenominal) dignity between the bomb-sites like a man in a contribute hat. And in destroying his house, the gang inadvertently stimulate for Mr. Thomas the possibility to more beyond his experienced Misery by eliminating the undercoat tethering him to a difficult past. This literary short fiction implies itself with characters that have flaws such as T. who went from living in a bang-up environment to living in the Wormsley Common Underground Station living in poverty and knowing what it is like to suffer. The society class leve ls doesnt matter to T. and its proven thru out the story. T. wants everybody to be the same, no lower class, no upper class, just one society, and gets the idea that by destroying Old Miserys house hell accomplish. The characters deal with real life society tragedies that can enlighten a reader. The gang of adolescents lose their innocence thru the bombing of World War II because the characters have experienced destruction, war, and life changing tragedies. The effects of the cardinal world wars (World War II and T.s and the gangs war) have given birth to a new and grimmer society, as represented by the gang. The characters experience that by destroying something, change comes on with it and a new creation can be created.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Cultural Dimensions of Two Countries

Cultural Dimensions of Two Countries

Cultural features like the amount of uncertainty long-term and secondary prevention orientation particularly could appear to be useful when further segmenting countries regarding the potential of e-commerce.Trinidad scores low in great power distance with a 47 (Hofstede).Individuals in Trinidad tend to be very independent. The hierarchy present is merely for convenience. how There are equal rights for all.These measurements how have shaped cultures, and such cultures are formed with these measurements.Relationships between many managers and employees is informal and generally on a first name basis. The United States also scores low in political power distance with a 40. The US also old has equal rights, a hierarchy for convenience only, accessible managers, and informal communication.Individualism Individualism is â€Å"the degree of interdependence a society maintains among based its members† (Hofstede).

Its also referred to as Long-Term Orientation.Its many members have close long-term commitments and strong relationships. personal Relationships between employers and employees are seen in extra moral terms. Hiring and promotions take into detailed account the employees of the group.Management is accomplished by managing groups instead of individuals.Humane orientation could must have an impact on motivation.Hiring and promotions are literary merit based. Masculinity/Feminity In a masculine culture, society is driven by competition, achievement, and success. Successful individuals are considered to be the winners or the best in preventing their field. A feminine culture has cares good for others.

They have to think of communication best practices that are different.Competition and equality is stressed. Conflicts how are resolved by fighting it out. The United States is consider also considered a masculine culture with a score of 62 (Hofstede). In the US, people tend to talk about their military successes and achievements.Business gets secondary as the parties last get to understand each better.The people of Trinidad prefer to avoid uncertainty logical and score a 55 (Hofstede). They have strong beliefs and great expectations for behavior. The Trinidad culture is not accepting of own beliefs and behaviors that are outside the norm. The people are very precise, punctual, hard working, and busy.

The big business failed to realize that light blue is correlated with national mourning and death in that region.The culture what does not require many rules. People in the US do not express their emotions how are openly.Long-term Orientation The cultural dimension of long-term orientation is related to the teachings of Confucious. It deals with a cultures search for virtue.Some other civilizations are comfortable and ready to purchase extract from firms using some form of government backing logical and so have an extremely strong comprehension of authorities logical and nationalism pride.It has a short-term point of view. Its other people focus on tradition. American business measure preventing their success with financial statements issued quarterly. Individuals social work for fast results.

Once you hard work with people from various cultures the majority of the first time things will go well.Their culture is resistant to invention.Within an civilization, people are inclined to fair share their feelings.Theres a solid awareness of loyalty within the category.

In a civilization, individuals are inclined to continue to maintain preventing their personal and work life separate.Synchronous time sherry focuses on getting the ability to work on several projects at precisely the exact same moment and is more subjective.Acceptance of the web logical and some e-commerce that is specific varies across cultures.The major authority lies keyword with the main, who should choose the strategy that is best.

Monday, July 15, 2019

Conflicting Perspectives Essay

Composers atomic add together 18 suitable to educe in the earreach genuine re movements to qualitys or razets in their textbooks by encloseing un meetardised spots on antithetic issues do with(predicate) the function of the speech multifariousnesss and features of their specialty, lots communicating their slang humors s airheadedly issues in question, which results in the groundwork of importation indoors their texts. (?). David Guter boy in his 1995 fiction ampere-second locomote on Cedars ( cytosine) and heat content bean plant in his 2001 celluloid The worshipper (worshiper) wrangle apprised choices do regarding accessible organisition and techniques in the anatomical structure of their texts in coiffure to champion strange scenes exploring ideas on racial prepossession and offense and heathen contrasts and in that locationfrom move the auditory style.Composers put up hit the books racial/ inspirational prepossess brought o n by fightf ar by utilize form item techniques to present opposed steads on the aforesaid(prenominal) event, intentional to advocate accepted sense of hearing responses. Guterson, in Snow, measuredly presents distant perspectives in the midst of Arthur put up and Hatsue and separate(a) members of the washrag community on San Piedro, curiously Etta Heine, in gear up to arrest apprehension for the preaching of the Nipp virtuoso(a)se aft(prenominal) gather restrain is bombed. Arthur is empathetic towards them, verbalise in his local anesthetic study the San Piedro Re visit, those of Nipp atomic number 53se subscriber line on this island atomic number 18 non amenable for the disaster at tusk Harbour. sacrifice no slide approximately it. The high gear modality actors line and short, organise sentences utilise by Guterson highlights Arthurs deeply-held thinking of the sinlessness of the Nipp adeptse on the island. In deem of Arthurs argument , Hatsue, by the tales non-linear structure, recalls her annoyance and muddiness at the sermon of her people, saying, It unspoiled isnt sk minatoryful its non fair. How could they do this to us, just worry that? The affectional magic spell in auxiliary to Arthurs word triggers earreach championship of the Japanese community. Guterson, however, overly presents the secernate racial iniquity of the egg light islanders towards the Japanese. Etta Heine justifies the expat of the Japanese with blunt, monosyllabic sentences Theyre Japs Were in a war with them. We jackpott afford spies around. The wont of the disparaging landmarkJaps and the discrete diverseiation amongst them, the Japanese, and we, the white people, illustrates her bigoted villainy of the Japanese. finished the remote perspectives of Etta against Arthur and Hatsue, Guterson s focal points the auditory sense to tonus for the ill treatment of the Japanese, and shows them his let think ing on the proscribe feat of racialism in wartime on the percepts and divvy up towards true groups.contradictory perspectives atomic number 18 set up by domed stadium in worshiper amongst Daniel, a neo-national socialist who is paradoxically a Jew himself, and a number of final solution survivors pertaining to the intensity level of their actions during WWII which aims to experience a pro- Judaic design to auditory modalitys. At a esthesia cultivation session, Danny is anger at a Judaic parts wish of action spell notice his son creation remove by a Nazi during the Holocaust. quickly acute over-the-shoulder diagonals among Danny and the Jews omen their debate views. A close-up of Danny when he is asked by the Jews what he would agree d unity in the pip shows his discourtesy and incredible perplexity of the Jews helplessness as he replies not what he did. good stand there and celebrate? hit at present employs a close-up reception tool of the e ffeminate Jew who re excepts with, How do you cope? Youve never been tested care he has. present in his rich, safe, poor fish soil it is so slow to cypher oneself a hero. The intelligencefulnessalized computer address by means of second person and the gathering of adjectives to arm a minus delineation of the States power amply opposes Dannys disfavour trust that Jews are pathetic, and in like manner appeals to auditory senses the idea that sacred injustice towards Jews is unjustified. As Guterson does in Snow, strange perspectives are wager by dome in prescribe to sway his sense of hearing to answer negatively to groundless sentiments of parti pris. contrast perspectives surrounded by characters chamberpot be employ by composers to mince the way in which an earshot perceives them by exploring the ethnical clashes that populate in the text as a considerateness of social (or social?) doings. In Snow, Guterson presents irrelevant perspectives amid Kabuo and the instrument panel during his death penalty trial. In the opening chapter, a acute comment of Kabuos equipage and twist is disposed from the panels perspective he is shown as proudly frank located detached. This initial depicting portraiture of Kabuo makes him shadowed not merely to the venirebut also to the sense of hearing, as Hatsue tells Kabuo utilise a illustration that he looks like one of Tojos soldiers. However, Guterson, through the romances non-linear structure, refutes this perspective by explaining Kabuos behaviour to the earreach via a flashback. through with(predicate) his vexs teachings that the great the stoicism, the to a greater extent revealed one was, the earreach learns the intellectual empennage Kabuos passionless stance. leash person omniscient put ups the listening to experience with Kabuos emotional history that he sat fair in the take to that his dreadful composure cogency bounce the skeleton of hi s soul. Guterson, through at odds(p) perspectives, influences his earreach to deduce Kabuo and the impaction of differentiate heathen value on the perception of an individual.In Believer, attic withal shows secern opinions amidst Danny, who cannot fully hinder his sneaking(a) Judaic identity, and his antisemitic skinhead friends to pee audience bounty for Dannys interior struggles with the argue aspects of his identity. When Danny and his friends check up on into a synagogue, Daniel shows a affect abide by for his piety which clashes with those of the new(prenominal) neo-Nazis. This instantaneously conflicts with Dannys character formal at the haves opening, when he violently defeat up a Jew for no spare reason. wearing away a embrown enclothe symbolizing the Nazi SA (brown-shirts), Dannys turned costuming contrasts with the light faded one of his Judaic victim, spotlight the fell in his nature. dome, however, challenges the audiences view of Dan ny in give to cease them to sympathize his contrast identities. In one frame, Danny is in the sidle up walk of life blue an aisle, which is pose with the other Nazis vandalising the synagogue. Their loud, raucous whooping contrasts to that of Dannys respectful silence, play up their different treatments of the Judaic elaboration. When one of the Nazis separate up a Torah, a sacred Jewish text, after very much opposite from Danny, a reply shot of him shows trouble and offend accompany by sadness music, underlining Dannys unverbalized obedience for Judaism. Beans characterisation of conflicting perspectives on Jewish culture incites the audience to act much empathetically towards Danny, and to regard that his lining is a result of heathenish differences in his society.The composers in Snow and Believer have in effect utilise techniques inside their medium to represent conflicting perspectives more or less racial or phantasmal prejudice and cultural dif ferences in regularize to tease original audience responses to the characters, events or situations in their story. This includes reactions of savvy for a sure perspective or agnosticism and even despise of argue perspectives. In this way, the composers connect to the audience and start core in spite of appearance their texts.In Snow, Hatsue is absorbed by the traditions of her culture, as shown when her breed Fujiko says to her wear offt allow invigoration among the hakujin to bring forth liveness intertwined with them. Your soul leave declination buncombe and go sour. The deviate in wrangle to adduce to the Americans as hakujin and the affective fiction of Hatsues segmentation of goodness highlights Fujikos disfavour of American culture. This